Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE, is a brain disease linked to repeated hits to the head, often seen in military veterans and athletes including football players, hockey players and boxers. It causes symptoms, which usually appear years after the head trauma, including memory loss, mood changes, confusion and trouble thinking clearly.

The degenerative brain disease that has besieged the National Football League for two decades with a billion-dollar lawsuit, congressional hearings, an A-list movie and an unrelenting cortege of ex-players’ obituaries has now intruded on America's favorite sport in the most violent manner yet.

On July 28, 2025, a deadly shooting at a New York City office building—home to both the National Football League (NFL) headquarters and investment firm Blackstone—left five victims dead, including the gunman,