WASHINGTON—A cascade of Trump administration cases is flooding the Supreme Court, putting the justices on the spot over the administration’s aggressive moves to eliminate federal programs, abolish independent agencies and recast immigration law without congressional approval.

The U.S. Supreme Court late Thursday delivered the administration its most substantial court loss of President Donald Trump’s second term. But the situation is far from over. And it has raised the possibility of a high-profile constitutional clash,

The court this week did not decide on President Trump's broad claims of a wartime power to deport "alien enemies." It also left unresolved most questions about what happens next,