A symbolic Iron Curtain cut through the middle of Europe: East vs West. It was called the Cold War, as the two sides never directly fought. But they battled each other in different ways.

Britain had been at war with Germany since Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939. Despite the fact that Stalin had carved up and invaded Poland in 1939 alongside Hitler, the USSR allied itself ...

America in the Middle East During the Cold War is a book that grapples with the question of how the United States managed to succeed in the Middle East during the time of the superpower struggle.

If American defense spending had bankrupted the Soviet economy, forcing an end to the Cold War, Soviet defense spending should have declined as East-West relations improved. CIA estimates show ...

Over the second half of the 20th century, East and West Germany reflected the Cold War ideologies of Russia and the US. West Germany was a capitalist democracy with a prosperous economy ...

Reproduced with permission In the course of the Cold War, architects, planners, and construction companies from socialist Eastern Europe collaborated with those in West Africa and the Middle East in ...