The Penrose-Hameroff Orch OR model places the essential aspect of consciousness at the level of quantum computation in microtubules within the brain's neurons. "Tubulin" proteins comprising ...

During his long career, Roger Penrose has collaborated with Stephen Hawking to uncover the secrets of the big bang, developed a quantum theory of consciousness with anaesthesiologist Stuart ...

Their results are consistent with the Penrose-Hameroff theory of Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch-OR) – an explanation for human consciousness. The Penrose theory is one of the many ...

This is a hard question to answer, as over 400 competing definitions of consciousness exist. According to the Penrose Hameroff definition, it would make IBM computers proto-conscious. They have ...