To investigate the reflection of light by different types of surface, and the refraction of light by different substances. Remove the block. Join the crosses to show the paths of the light rays ...

Join the incident ray to the emergent ray to show the path of the light through the block. Repeat steps 2 to 8 for a rectangular glass block. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of reflection ...

In 1943, the two German scientists Goos and Hänchen performed an experiment showing that in total internal reflection a light beam acquires a lateral shift; this can be seen as a positional ...