This research presents a comprehensive thermodynamic approach to glass, redefining equilibrium and enhancing the ...

The first and second laws of thermodynamics. Entropy and equilibrium. Material and energy balances. Equations of state and properties of fluids. Solutions, phase equilibria, and chemical reaction.

A researcher from The University of Osaka resolves a long-standing paradox regarding the theoretical description of glassy ...

The review bridges physics and biology by analyzing how stochastic thermodynamics—a framework describing energy exchanges in microscopic systems—helps explain limitations across diverse biological ...

thermodynamic relations, chemical reactions, and phase and chemical equilibrium. Thermodynamics concerns the foundation of all branches of physical sciences. Therefore, this course is highly ...