Read the marketing material for any fund and you'll often find the manager saying that they take either a "top-down" or a "bottom-up" approach. Sometimes they claim to do both: "the fund combines ...

The prevailing business leadership advice has always assumed that goal setting is a top-down process. During my time at ...

Researchers have set up a company to sell graphene samples to other researchers. “Our aim was to help speed up the pace of research by providing the highest quality graphene flakes to ...

The concrete fills the form under the window and pushes from the bottom up into the columns." The rest of the sections of the wall were placed from the top down. ABI Corp. used a superplasticizer ...

At the heart of bottom-up nanotechnology lies a process driven by thermodynamics and kinetics, rather than the deterministic approaches characteristic of top-down methods. This fundamental difference ...

“I never predict. I just look out of the window and see what is visible—but not yet seen.” Peter Drucker (1909–2005, writer and management consultant). Predicting the future necessitates ...