This depends on the deer population, how well the spray was ... plastic sheeting or floating row cover will provide even more protection. Hard-core cold-frame growers might even build a poly ...

Preventing deer injury to plants is a definite challenge. Advice always starts with “Plant species less desirable to deer.” ...

7. Put up a fence of deer netting. Create wire or mesh cages to protect individual plants, but be sure to cover the top of the cage as well. Protect trees from rubbing damage with protective trunk ...

This makes them vulnerable to climate change and invasive species Over-browsing by red and roe deer ... trees will be placed ...