playing a key role in bringing the West German mark to East Germany after communist rule collapsed in 1990. Koehler became managing director of the International Monetary Fund in 2000, a post he ...

The German Mark, the British shilling, the French franc, and the Italian lira all had about equal value, and all were exchanged four or five to the dollar. That was in 1914. In 1923, at the most ...

The USSR, which had been invaded twice by Germany, was alarmed at the prospect ... currency in East Berlin just 24 hours before the West mark was to go into circulation. They also imposed a ...