For those in the transit industry, it’s easy to get lost in the jargon. Terms like card-based, account-based, open-loop and ...

Why Open-Loop Is Not A One-Size-Fits-All Solution Open-loop payment systems offer several key benefits to transit agencies.

Open-loop systems are fine for light use in clean water. For everyone else, closed-loop systems offer better protection, longer life, and fewer nightmares when something inevitably goes wrong.

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while ...

How often does an existing open condenser water system, or some other type of open water system, get reused as part of a building renovation project and/or mechanical system upgrade? It happens ...

Open loop cooling systems use water to cool engines directly, while closed-loop systems use marine coolant and a heat exchanger to keep engines cool.

Their median age was 13.2 years. 7,088 used a hybrid closed-loop system and 6,834 used an open-loop system. The median observation time was 1.6 years.