Marcus Garvey. Haji Malcolm’s introduction to ... In explaining his embrace of Black nationalism as a philosophy of liberation and struggle he states: “If you remember, in my childhood I ...

Marcus Garvey spoke of having pride in African history and culture. Many people found his words inspiring but not all. Some established Black leaders thought his separatist philosophy ill-conceived.

Amy Jacques, editor, feminist, and race activist, was Marcus Garvey's second wife and his principal lieutenant during his incarceration in an Atlanta penitentiary from 1925 to 1927. Born in ...