One can divide lacrimal drainage system tests into functional and anatomical evaluations. The functional (physiological) tests are designed to assess tear flow under natural physiological ...

Eye problems are common in both laboratory and pet rabbits. This column reviews the anatomy of the nasolacrimal duct system in rabbits and describes the appropriate techniques for working up a ...

What Is Metastatic Bile Duct Cancer and Its Causes? Bile duct cancer – also called cholangiocarcinoma – is a rare condition. When you have cholangiocarcinoma, cancer cells grow in your bile ...

Researchers have found in a new study published in Eye that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) significantly increases the risk of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO), ...

A 50-year-old female initially presented with left eye swelling and tearing. Imaging showed a 4 cm mass which involves nasolacrimal duct with contiguous extension to the left orbit. Biopsy showed ...

Spinal stenosis exercise programs should be focused on improving spinal flexibility, strengthening the muscles of the trunk and lower extremities, and general overall conditioning to improve spinal ...

What is lumbar spinal stenosis? Lumbar spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back (lumbar spine). The spinal canal houses the spinal cord and nerves. The narrowing caused by ...

ed.ac.uk To review the pathophysiology of fibrocalcific aortic stenosis, the myocardial response to pressure overload and current clinical guidelines concerning the timing of valve intervention. To ...

med.ulaval.ca To be aware of the prevalence, pathophysiology and outcomes of mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD), which refers to combined aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation. To assess the ...