At the heart of bottom-up nanotechnology lies a process driven by thermodynamics and kinetics, rather than the deterministic approaches characteristic of top-down methods. This fundamental difference ...

Top-down nanotechnology represents a traditional approach to nanofabrication, contrasting with the atom-by-atom assembly characteristic of bottom-up methods. This technique involves starting with a ...

“I never predict. I just look out of the window and see what is visible—but not yet seen.” Peter Drucker (1909–2005, writer and management consultant). Predicting the future necessitates ...