When alcohol breaks down, its first byproduct is acetaldehyde, a chemical that is itself classified as a carcinogen. Researchers have found that certain genetic mutations can lead the body to ...

The alarm reaction stage of general adaptation syndrome is the body’s initial response to stress. The sympathetic nervous system is activated by the sudden release of hormones. You may better know ...

aNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA bNational Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA Drug ...