The brain disease model of addiction has dominated public and scientific discourse on addiction (termed substance use disorder [SUD] in the DSM-5) over the past 3 decades. The model framed addiction ...

The scientific method has evolved to include various ways to establish probable causal relationship and to work these likely ...

Anyone who develops an AI solution sometimes goes on a journey into the unknown. At least at the beginning, researchers and ...

New miniature laboratories are ensuring that artificial intelligence (AI) doesn't make mistakes. They provide a controlled ...

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Causal inference methods are widely used in empirical research; however, there is a paucity of evidence on the properties of shared latent factor estimators in the presence of contaminated ...

AI models are trained with vast amounts of data and they use the statistical associations and patterns in the data to ...