Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement ... and Africa, and to serve as a symbol of black grandeur and enterprise. The U.N.I.A. incorporated the Black Star Line in 1919.
In August of 1920, Marcus Garvey and other founders of the UNIA ... this blatant racism and provide Black citizens with powerful symbols to celebrate their heritage. After a monthlong convention ...
The road to Garvey’s presidential pardon is a story of tireless activism by human rights leaders, Garvey’s descendants and ...
Marcus Garvey was granted a posthumous pardon by ... He viewed the shipping company as a symbol of tangible success and economic potential for Black people. At the same time, Garvey started ...