Objectives The present study aimed to assess the level of knowledge on peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) maintenance among nurses in China and to analyse the related factors influencing ...

Avoid touching the catheter tip to prevent trauma to the venous endothelium. Observe for pain cues while palpating or infusing solutions or medications; these may indicate infiltration or phlebitis.

The pH of a substance is based onthe concentration of hydrogen ions. [18] A neutral pH is 7 with a normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. [18] When the blood is exposed to a pH outside normal, the blood ...

PICC is widely used in clinical practice due to its advantages of easy insertion, safety and cost-effectiveness, providing a reliable intravenous infusion pathway for patients undergoing chemotherapy, ...