It should also blend a bottom-up approach—to understand region-specific needs—with top-down climate projections to design a framework for long-term resilience and preparedness. In the face of ...

“A top-down approach starts with a big picture, breaking it down into smaller components until achieving the objective. A bottom-up approach starts with small, individual components and builds ...

Urban development is marked by a dichotomy - the contrast between top-down planning strategies ... embody the essence of the bottom-up philosophy. A bottom-up approach allows citizens to take ...